Perché il tunnel di Gibilterra non è ancora stato costruito
Perché il tunnel sotto lo Stretto di Gibilterra non c'è ancora: geologia della Soglia di Camarinal, faglia attiva, studi Herrenknecht, costi e calendario.
Secondo Morocco World News, il tracciato proposto misura 38,5 km di galleria tra terminali distanti 42 km, con un punto massimo a 475 m sotto il mare.
In questo articolo
Salta a una sezione
Il tracciato proposto, in numeri
L'infrastruttura comprenderebbe tre elementi di scavo:
Soglia di Camarinal, flysch e faglia attiva
Manica, Seikan e Marmaray: che cosa è stato scavato altrove
75 m
Gli altri due casi in sintesi:
- Il Seikan è lungo 53,85 chilometri, di cui 23,3 sotto il fondale dello Stretto di Tsugaru.[41][42]
- I binari del Seikan stanno a circa 100 metri sotto il fondale e a 240 metri sotto il livello del mare.[43]
- Nel Seikan l'uso della TBM è stato abbandonato dopo meno di 2 chilometri.[44]
- Il Marmaray attraversa il Bosforo con un tubo immerso lungo 1,4 chilometri, posato a 60 metri sotto il livello del mare e sotto 55 metri d'acqua.[45][46]
Dal 1869 al 2023: tunnel, ponti e anni di stallo
Studi, costi e calendario: dove si ferma il progetto
Da leggere · Grandi Opere e Strutture
Come si costruiscono i piloni dei ponti in mare o in un fiume
I costi dipendono dall'ambito:
- Oltre 8,5 miliardi di euro per la sola parte spagnola, per Morocco World News.[76]
- Circa 7,4 miliardi di sterline, circa 8,5 miliardi di euro, per il tunnel sottomarino principale, per Tunnelbuilder.[77]
- Oltre 15 miliardi di euro per il progetto complessivo, per un altro articolo di Morocco World News.[78]
Domande frequenti
Qual è lo stato della fattibilità del tunnel nello Stretto di Gibilterra?
Quanto sarebbe lungo il tunnel tra Spagna e Marocco?
Quanto sarebbe profondo il tunnel sotto lo Stretto?
Quanto costerebbe il tunnel tra Spagna e Marocco?
Fonti
82 riferimenti Mostra Nascondi
- Tunnelbuilder, Europe-Africa undersea rail tunnel status (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«concluded that the concept of an undersea rail tunnel linking Europe and Africa is technically viable with current tunnelling technology»
- Morocco World News, Madrid authorizes €1.73 million (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«German company Herrenknecht confirmed that this is not possible»
- Morocco World News, Madrid authorizes €1.73 million (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«the more likely timeline for completion is between 2035-2040»
- Morocco World News, tunnel project pushed back to 2040 (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The complex geology of the strait has been identified by the Spanish Institute of Engineering as one of the primary obstacles.»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The distance between terminal stations would be 42 kilometers, with 38.5 kilometers of actual tunnel length.»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Of that, 27.7 kilometers would be the submarine section.»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The deepest point would reach 475 meters, with a minimum rock cover of 175 meters and a maximum gradient of 3%.»
- Morocco World News, tunnel project pushed back to 2040 (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The tunnel, designed exclusively for rail transport, will connect Punta Paloma in Cadiz, Spain, with Punta Malabata near Tangier, Morocco.»
- Hespress, tunnel project delayed to 2040 (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«with a possible extension for road traffic»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The northern entrance would be located near Vejer de la Frontera.»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The infrastructure would consist of two independent single-track railway tubes, each with a circular cross-section of 7.90 meters in interior diameter.»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«A central service gallery of 6 meters in diameter would run between them for emergencies and maintenance.»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Cross-passages of 6 meters in diameter would connect the tubes every 340 meters.»
- The Spanish Eye, Spain-Morocco rail tunnel is possible (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The tunnel would consist of two single-track rail tubes for passengers and freight, plus a service and safety gallery.»
- Morocco World News, tunnel project pushed back to 2040 (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Initial plans call for a single gallery accommodating both directions, with a second tunnel planned in a later phase»
- Tunnelbuilder, Europe-Africa undersea rail tunnel status (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Planned as two separate railway bores, each carrying traffic in one direction»
- Tunnelbuilder, Europe-Africa undersea rail tunnel status (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Tunnel bore depths could reach roughly 420 m below sea level»
- Tunnelbuilder, Europe-Africa undersea rail tunnel status (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Approx. 26 miles (≈42 km) overall, with around 17 miles (≈27 km) submerged underwater.»
- Wikipedia, Strait of Gibraltar Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«a submarine section of between 27.7 and 40 kilometres»
- Wikipedia, Strait of Gibraltar Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Current proposals suggest that the tunnel length would be about 65 kilometres (40 miles) in all»
- Wikipedia, Strait of Gibraltar (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The two continents are separated by 7.7 nautical miles (14.3 km; 8.9 mi) at its narrowest point.»
- Wikipedia, Strait of Gibraltar (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The Strait's depth ranges between 300 and 900 metres»
- Wikipedia, Strait of Gibraltar Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«this idea was dismissed as the tunnel would be 900 metres (3,000 ft) below sea level»
- Wikipedia, Strait of Gibraltar Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Instead, the tunnel will pass through the Camarinal Sill, which has a comparatively shallow depth of 280 metres (920 ft).»
- Wikipedia, Camarinal Sill (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«It is located approximately 25 km west of the narrowest section of the Strait of Gibraltar»
- Wikipedia, Camarinal Sill (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«This threshold is the shallowest seafloor pass between the Iberian Peninsula and Africa.»
- EGU 2010, Camarinal Sill abstract (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«which reaches less than 100m depth and connects both Spanish and Moroccan shelves»
- EGU 2010, Camarinal Sill abstract (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«As a whole, the Camarinal Sill represents a NNW-SSE directed high (between isobaths 90 and 300m)»
- EGU 2010, Camarinal Sill abstract (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The basement of this Sill is mainly composed of Flysch Trough Units.»
- EGU 2010, Camarinal Sill abstract (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«These units are part of the Betic-Rif external zones and are formed by deep-water siliciclastic rocks early Cretaceous to early Miocene in age.»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The subsurface beneath Camarinal consists of Flysch Complex materials, with layers of sandstone and clay of turbiditic origin, topped by more recent Pliocene and Quaternary deposits.»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«This geological layering creates zones with highly variable behavior, even over short distances»
- Morocco World News, Madrid authorizes €1.73 million (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«flysch formations, seabed instability, and route depth require preliminary exploratory tunnels»
- Wikipedia, Strait of Gibraltar Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«An active major geologic fault, the Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault, bisects the Strait, and severe earthquakes have occurred in the area.»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«the same zone that produced the devastating 1755 earthquake»
- EGU 2010, Camarinal Sill abstract (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«the causes and mode proposed for the opening of the Gibraltar Straits, are still an open question»
- Wikipedia, Channel Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«eleven tunnel boring machines (TBMs) cut through chalk marl to construct two rail tunnels and a service tunnel»
- Wikipedia, Channel Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«reaching a depth of 75 m (246 ft) below sea level»
- Tunnelbuilder, Europe-Africa undersea rail tunnel status (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«the Channel Tunnel’s maximum depth of around 74 m»
- Wikipedia, Channel Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«the longest underwater section of any tunnel in the world, at 37.9 km (23.5 miles)»
- Wikipedia, Seikan Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«is a 53.85-kilometre (33.5-mile) dual-gauge railway tunnel in Japan»
- Wikipedia, Seikan Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«with a 23.3-kilometre (14.5-mile) segment running beneath the seabed of the Tsugaru Strait»
- Wikipedia, Seikan Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The tunnel's track level lies approximately 100 metres (330 ft) below the seabed and 240 metres (790 ft) below sea level.»
- Wikipedia, Seikan Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«the use of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) was abandoned after less than 2 kilometres (1.2 miles)»
- Wikipedia, Marmaray (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The Bosphorus (Istanbul Strait) is crossed by a 1.4-kilometre-long (0.87 mi) earthquake-proofed immersed tube»
- Wikipedia, Marmaray (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The tube was placed 60 metres (197 ft) below sea level, beneath 55 metres (180 ft) of water»
- Wikipedia, Channel Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Tunnelling commenced in 1988, and the tunnel began operating in 1994.»
- Wikipedia, Channel Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«At the 1994 completion actual costs were, in 1985 prices, £4.65 billion: an 80% cost overrun.»
- Wikipedia, Seikan Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«having cost a total of ¥1.1 trillion (US$7 billion) to construct»
- Wikipedia, Seikan Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«34 workers were killed during construction»
- Wikipedia, Marmaray (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Construction started in May 2004 and the Marmaray tunnel was completed on 23 September 2008»
- SECEGSA, Qué es SECEGSA (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«tiene por objeto la realización de estudios sobre una comunicación fija entre Europa y África a través del Estrecho de Gibraltar»
- SECEGSA, Proyecto del enlace fijo (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«desde 1869 cuando el Consejo de Obras Públicas, dependiente del Ministerio de Fomento español, presentó un primer informe sobre el proyecto.»
- SECEGSA, Proyecto del enlace fijo (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«los proyectos de túnel excavado de D. Carlos Ibáñez de Ibero (1908) y D. Pedro Jevenois (1927)»
- Wikipedia, Strait of Gibraltar Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Spain first proposed a modern tunnel under the Strait of Gibraltar in 1930»
- SECEGSA, Proyecto del enlace fijo (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«En 1972, en un contexto internacional propicio a la realización de grandes obras públicas, con el impacto del inicio de la construcción del túnel de Seikán en Japón»
- Wikipedia, Strait of Gibraltar Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«a 5,000-metre (16,000-foot) span, more than twice the length of the current longest bridge span»
- Wikipedia, Strait of Gibraltar Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«featured deep piers, a length of 14 kilometres (9 miles), 910-metre-tall (3,000 ft) towers»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«More than 100,000 vessels transit it annually»
- Wikipedia, Strait of Gibraltar Tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«In February 2023, after a high-level bilateral meeting between Spain and Morocco»
- Railway Gazette, Strait of Gibraltar tunnel plans revived (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«the Moroccan-Spanish joint committee had not met since 2009.»
- Railway Gazette, Strait of Gibraltar tunnel plans revived (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«the organisation has now been provided with €2·3m under the EU’s Recovery, Transformation & Resilience Plan.»
- SECEGSA, Reunión de coordinación SECEGSA-SNED (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«hacer balance de las actividades realizadas por ambas Sociedades desde 2009 a 2021»
- Morocco World News, tunnel project pushed back to 2040 (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«was awarded a €296,000 contract in October 2024 to analyze the feasibility of drilling through the»
- Hespress, new geological study for the Gibraltar tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The contract, valued at €553,187.38, will be funded by the state-owned company Secegsa and implemented over 2025 and 2026.»
- Hespress, new geological study for the Gibraltar tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The decision was signed on Dec. 26, 2025, and published in Spain’s official gazette on Dec. 30.»
- Hespress, new geological study for the Gibraltar tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«will include approximately 15 days of operations at sea»
- Hespress, new geological study for the Gibraltar tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The results will be integrated into a three-dimensional geological model of the Camarinal Sill»
- SECEGSA, Proyecto del enlace fijo (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«SECEGSA encargó el 6 de agosto de 2021 a Ingeniería del Transporte S.M.E. M.P., S.A. (INECO)»
- Morocco World News, Madrid authorizes €1.73 million (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«scheduled for completion in June 2026»
- The Spanish Eye, Spain-Morocco rail tunnel is possible (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The updated document, known as APP07, is due to be finalised by August 2026»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The initial tender for that phase could take place in 2027.»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Completing it would require between six and nine years.»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The completion horizon is estimated between 2035 and 2040.»
- Morocco World News, tunnel project pushed back to 2040 (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«completion now projected for 2040, a decade later than initially planned»
- Morocco World News, Spain and Morocco move closer to the tunnel (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The estimated cost exceeds €8.5 billion for the Spanish side alone.»
- Tunnelbuilder, Europe-Africa undersea rail tunnel status (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Recent engineering assessments align the core tunnel cost estimate at around £7.4 billion (approximately €8.5 billion).»
- Morocco World News, tunnel project pushed back to 2040 (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«with the complete project estimated to cost more than €15 billion»
- Morocco World News, Madrid authorizes €1.73 million (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«the Spanish government approved €1.73 million to support the technical work of the Spanish Society»
- Morocco World News, Madrid authorizes €1.73 million (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«In total, the government provided over €9.61 million to Secegsa since 2022»
- FIFA, Extraordinary Congress appoints hosts of 2030 and 2034 (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Morocco, Portugal and Spain were appointed as the hosts of the FIFA World Cup 2030™»
- FIFA, Extraordinary Congress appoints hosts of 2030 and 2034 (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«concludes a thorough bidding process initiated in October 2023»