Shade balls di Los Angeles: genio low cost o problema spostato?
96 milioni di sfere nere in polietilene coprono dal 2015 il Los Angeles Reservoir: servono contro il bromato, ma costano acqua altrove. Il bilancio completo.
Il 10 agosto 2015 le ultime 20.000 sfere hanno portato a 96 milioni la copertura dei 175 acri del Los Angeles Reservoir.
- Costo dell'iniziativa
- 34,5 mln $
- Progetto LADWP per la qualità dell'acqua, completato il 10 agosto 2015[5]
In questo articolo
Salta a una sezione
Perché un serbatoio scoperto di Los Angeles produce bromato
Come lavorano 96 milioni di sfere di polietilene nero
- impedisce le reazioni chimiche innescate dal sole;
- scoraggia uccelli e altra fauna;
- protegge l'acqua da pioggia e polvere trasportata dal vento.
Da leggere · Energia e Reti Elettriche
Agrivoltaico su uliveti e pascoli: perché rende di più a 4 metri
Le alternative: una diga, due coperture flottanti e oltre 300 milioni
| Opzione | Costo indicato | Limite |
|---|---|---|
| Diga divisoria più due coperture flottanti | Oltre 300 milioni di dollari (LADWP)[19] | Costruzione giudicata infattibile per l'ampiezza della superficie[20] |
| Una sola copertura flottante | Circa 250 milioni di dollari (altra stima)[21] | Troppo costosa per il Los Angeles Reservoir[21] |
| Shade balls | 34,5 milioni di dollari, 0,36 dollari a sfera[5][17] | Vita utile di progetto di circa dieci anni[16] |
Il conto nascosto: l'acqua spesa per fabbricare le sfere
Dieci anni dopo: durata delle sfere e cosa resta da verificare
Domande frequenti
Cosa sono le shade balls di Los Angeles e a cosa servono?
Le shade balls di Los Angeles riducono davvero l'evaporazione?
Quante sfere ci sono e quanto sono costate?
Cos'è il bromato e perché il sole è il problema?
Lo studio di Nature Sustainability dice che le shade balls sono un errore?
Quanto durano le shade balls?
Le shade balls sono ancora sul Los Angeles Reservoir oggi?
Perché le sfere non sono usate negli altri bacini di Los Angeles?
Fonti
33 riferimenti Mostra Nascondi
- ladwpnews.com — Fact check foxnews coms story entitled la black ball reservoir rollout potential disaster in the making say experts is inaccurate based on uninformed assumptions (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Their implementation has always been for water quality protection with other benefits such as water conservation and cost savings for our rate payers»
- governing.com (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Once chlorine, which is used for disinfection, is added and mixes with sunlight, bromate is formed.»
- governing.com (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«the use of shade balls removes sunlight from the equation and this chemical reaction that makes bromate cannot occur.»
- imperial.ac.uk (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Producing 96 million balls of standard 5mm thickness would use up to an estimated 2.9 million cubic metres of water.»
- ladwpnews.com — Mayor garcetti announces completion of innovative shade ball cover project at los angeles reservoir (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«marking completion of a $34.5 million initiative to protect the city’s water quality.»
- ladwpnews.com — Mayor garcetti announces completion of innovative shade ball cover project at los angeles reservoir (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Holding a total of 3.3 billion gallons, enough to supply the entire city of Los Angeles for up to three weeks, the L.A. Reservoir is located in LADWP’s Van Norman Complex in Sylmar.»
- imperial.ac.uk (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The study team from Imperial, M.I.T. and the University of Twente predict the balls would have to be deployed for two and half years before the water they saved matched the water they used.»
- ladwpnews.com — Fact check foxnews coms story entitled la black ball reservoir rollout potential disaster in the making say experts is inaccurate based on uninformed assumptions (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The shade balls are used to address bromate, a byproduct of LADWP’s ozonation process in its LA Aqueduct Filtration Plant—another US EPA-mandated process.»
- npr.org (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The water needs to be shaded because when sunlight mixes with the bromide and chlorine in Ivanhoe's water, the carcinogen bromate forms, said Pankaj Parekh, DWP's director for water quality compliance.»
- ladwpnews.com — Mayor garcetti announces completion of innovative shade ball cover project at los angeles reservoir (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The innovative, in-house solution has been used in LADWP’s open-air reservoirs since 2008 to block sunlight, prevent chemical reactions and curtail algae blooms.»
- ladwpnews.com — Fact check foxnews coms story entitled la black ball reservoir rollout potential disaster in the making say experts is inaccurate based on uninformed assumptions (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«LADWP’s decision to use shade balls at Los Angeles Reservoir will help the utility comply with the»
- nationalgeographic.com (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Made of black polyethylene, shade balls are filled with water so they don’t blow away.»
- nationalgeographic.com (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«bringing the total count to 96 million in the 175-acre reservoir.»
- npr.org (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«On Monday afternoon, the 20,000 black plastic balls tumbled down the slopes of Los Angeles Reservoir, joining 95,980,000 of their brethren already covering the surface of the water.»
- ladwpnews.com — Mayor garcetti announces completion of innovative shade ball cover project at los angeles reservoir (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The small, black plastic balls protect water quality by preventing sunlight-triggered chemical reactions, deterring birds and other wildlife, and protecting water from rain and wind-blown dust.»
- ladwpnews.com — Fact check foxnews coms story entitled la black ball reservoir rollout potential disaster in the making say experts is inaccurate based on uninformed assumptions (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The “Carbon Black” is a UV stabilizing agent which allows the balls at least 10 years of useful life.»
- ladwpnews.com — Mayor garcetti announces completion of innovative shade ball cover project at los angeles reservoir (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«At $0.36 each, the shade balls require no construction, parts, labor or maintenance aside from occasional rotation.»
- ladwpnews.com — Fact check foxnews coms story entitled la black ball reservoir rollout potential disaster in the making say experts is inaccurate based on uninformed assumptions (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«LADWP’s daily water quality monitoring and maintenance operations have found neither abnormal thermal effects nor bacterial breeding in the reservoirs as a result of the use of shade balls.»
- ladwpnews.com — Mayor garcetti announces completion of innovative shade ball cover project at los angeles reservoir (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Those alternatives included splitting the reservoir into two with a bisecting dam; and installing two floating covers that would have cost more than $300 million.»
- weather.com (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«“Construction was infeasible, as the immense surface area of the space would have required two separate covers and a division dam,”»
- governing.com (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The shade balls will only remain at Los Angeles Reservoir, and that’s because it would be cost-prohibitive»
- weather.com (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Though they were successful, the LADWP says this will be the final use of this technology in the department’s system.»
- governing.com (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«LADWP has a special set of water quality issues that fit the use of shade balls likely not seen by many other water utilities.»
- nature.com (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«Brief Communication»
- imperial.ac.uk (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«The shade balls are made of a kind of plastic that requires oil, natural gas and electricity to produce, all of which require large quantities of water.»
- imperial.ac.uk (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«During their time on the reservoir, the balls are estimated to have saved 1.7 million cubic metres of water.»
- imperial.ac.uk (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«For each drop of water saved by the balls, however, the study estimates that more than one drop would have been used up in another part of the country or the world.»
- imperial.ac.uk (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«when not in drought conditions, the balls are expected to be less efficient at preventing evaporation, meaning they would have to be deployed for longer to save as much water as they used.»
- eawag.ch (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«researchers have calculated that thanks to the spheres, around 1.2 million cubic meters of water would evaporate less each year.»
- imperial.ac.uk (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«“We are not suggesting that shade balls are bad and must not be used. We are just highlighting the fact that the environmental cost of shade balls must be considered together with their benefits.”»
- imperial.ac.uk (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«We are very good at quick technological fixes, but we often overlook the long-term and secondary impacts of our solutions.»
- governing.com (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«the 96 million plastic balls covering the surface have a lifespan of 10 years»
- abc13.com (si apre in una nuova scheda)
«City officials say shade balls last about 10 years. The LADWP says they will be removed, recycled and replaced.»